Anais dos Seminário de Energia, Utilidades e Gases Industriais


ISSN 2594-3626

Título

ESTUDO DE CASO: QUEIMADOR LOW NOX EM UMA PLANTA DE PELOTIZAÇÃO

CASE STUDY: LOW NOX BURNER İN A PELLETİZİNG PLANT

DOI

10.5151/2594-3626-41526

Downloads

2 Downloads

Resumo

AS EMISSõES ATMOSFéRICAS ANTROPOGêNICAS DE NOX (óXIDOS DE NITROGêNIO) SãO PROVENIENTES, PRINCIPALMENTE, DA QUEIMA DE COMBUSTíVEIS FóSSEIS A ELEVADAS TEMPERATURAS. NO PROCESSO INDUSTRIAL DE PELOTIZAçãO, é UTILIZADO O CARVãO MINERAL COMO UM INSUMO DE PROCESSO E O GáS NATURAL COMO COMBUSTíVEL NOS FORNOS, AMBAS AS ETAPAS DO PROCESSO CONTRIBUINDO PARA AS EMISSõES DE NOX. A VALE S.A. POSSUI UMA META DE REDUçãO DE 10% DE TODA EMISSãO DE NOX ATé 2030. DADO ESTE CENáRIO E O OBJETIVO DE REDUçãO DAS EMISSõES DE NOX NA UNIDADE DE TUBARãO – VITóRIA, ESPíRITO SANTO/BRASIL, FOI PROPOSTO UM ESTUDO DE CASO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM QUEIMADOR COM BAIXA EMISSãO DE NOX PARA FORNOS DA PELOTIZAçãO. PARA UM MELHOR ENTENDIMENTO DO PROCESSO DE FORMAçãO DE NOX NOS FORNOS DE PELOTIZAçãO, BEM COMO O QUE PODERIA SER FEITO PARA REDUçãO DE NOX NAS PLANTAS EXISTENTES, UMA SéRIE DE CENáRIOS DE MODELAGEM CFD (FLUIDODINâMICA COMPUTACIONAL) FORAM ESTUDADOS. FORAM AVALIADOS QUATRO CENáRIOS ALéM DO CASO BASE, COM QUEIMADORES DE 4,9 MW OPERANDO COM 3MW DE GáS NATURAL, SENDO CONSIDERADA A INJEçãO DE áGUA EM DIFERENTES VAZõES, TAMANHO DAS GOTíCULAS E âNGULO DE INJEçãO. PARA A MODELAGEM CFD, FOI UTILIZADO UM MODELO GEOMéTRICO INTEGRAL DE UMA CâMARA DE COMBUSTãO. EM RELAçãO à SIMULAçãO DE NOX, FOI CONSIDERADO APENAS A GERAçãO DE NOX TéRMICO, POIS ESTE é O PRINCIPAL MECANISMO DE FORMAçãO DE NOX EM FORNOS DE PELOTIZAçãO. A PARTIR DOS CENáRIOS MODELADOS COM A INJEçãO DE áGUA, NãO FORAM OBSERVADAS ALTERAçõES SIGNIFICATIVAS NO FORMATO DA CHAMA, CONFORME AS ISOSUPERFíCIES DE MONóXIDO DE CARBONO (CO). FOI OBSERVADA UMA REDUçãO DE ATé 50°C NAS TEMPERATURAS DE PICO NO NúCLEO DA CHAMA E UMA FAIXA DE REDUçãO DE 30% A 50% NA EMISSãO DE NOX.

 

THE NOX (NITROGEN OXIDES) EMISSIONS OF ANTHROPOGENIC ORIGIN ARE MAINLY THE RESULT OF BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. IN PELLETIZING FURNACES, MINERAL COALS ARE ADDED TO THE PELLETS AND NATURAL GAS IS FIRED IN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, WITH BOTH PROCESSES CONTRIBUTING TO NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS. VALE HAS A TARGET TO REDUCE 10% OF ALL NOX EMISSIONS BY 2030. GIVEN THIS SCENARIO AND AIMING TO REDUCE NOX EMISSIONS AT THE TUBARãO UNIT – VITORIA, ESPIRITO SANTO/BRAZIL, A CASE STUDY IS PROPOSED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW NOX BURNER FOR PELLETIZING FURNACES. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND NOX FORMATION IN PELLET FURNACES, AS WELL AS WHAT CAN BE DONE TO REDUCE NOX EMISSIONS IN EXISTING PLANTS, A SERIES OF CFD (COMPUTATION FLUID DYNAMICS) MODELLING SCENARIOS ARE STUDIED. BESIDES THE BASE CASE, FOUR DIFFERENT SCENARIOS WERE EVALUATED FOR A 4,9 MW BURNER FIRING 3MW OF NATURAL GAS, CONSIDERING WATER INJECTION CONSIDERING DIFFERENT WATER FLOW RATES DROPLET SIZE AND INJECTION ANGLE. FOR THE CFD MODELLING, THE GEOMETRIC VOID MODEL OF A WHOLE COMBUSTION WAS CONSIDERED. REGARDING NOX MODELLING, ONLY THERMAL NOX GENERATION WAS CONSIDERED AS THIS IS THE MAIN MECHANISM OF NOX FORMATION IN PELLETIZING FURNACES. WITH THE MODELLED SCENARIOS, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN FLAME SHAPE, AS PER ISO-SURFACES OF CARBON MONOXIDE (CO), WERE OBSERVED DUE TO WATER ADDITION. UP TO 50°C REDUCTION IN PEAK TEMPERATURES IN THE FLAME CORE AND A REDUCTION IN THE RANGE OF 30% TO 50% IN NOX EMISSION WERE OBSERVED.

Palavras-chave

Emissões de NOx; Modelagem CFD; Queimador Low NOx; Planta de pelotização.

NOx emissions; CFD modelling; Low NOx burner; Pelletizing plant.

Como citar

KNUPP, ANDRIELLY MOUTINHO; ZANON, LEANDRO RESINENTTI; PILON, ROSSANO AUGUSTO NUNES; BUZATTI, ANA PAULA PACHECO; FAVALLI, RENATA; COSTA, RICARDO DE PAULA; BERNHARD, DIEGO BIASETO. ESTUDO DE CASO: QUEIMADOR LOW NOX EM UMA PLANTA DE PELOTIZAÇÃO , p. 314-326. In: 43º Seminário de Energia, Utilidades e Transição Energética, São Paulo, Brasil, 2024.
ISSN: 2594-3626 , DOI 10.5151/2594-3626-41526

Whoops, looks like something went wrong.

(1/1) ErrorException

fwrite(): write of 1826 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device

in StreamHandler.php line 131
at HandleExceptions->handleError(8, 'fwrite(): write of 1826 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', '/var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/monolog/monolog/src/Monolog/Handler/StreamHandler.php', 131, array('stream' => resource, 'record' => array('message' => 'file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', 'context' => array('exception' => object(ErrorException)), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'production', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-06-03 02:28:25] production.ERROR: file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device at /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Bootstrap\\\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/var/www/webroo...\', 122, Array)#1 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', 2)#2 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\\\Filesystem\\\\Filesystem->put(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', true)#3 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'B8W3ZZa3YXflFPf...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\')#4 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(87): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Store->save()#5 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Middleware\\\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#6 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#7 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/public/index.php(59): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#8 {main}"} ')))
at fwrite(resource, '[2025-06-03 02:28:25] production.ERROR: file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device at /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Bootstrap\\\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/var/www/webroo...\', 122, Array)#1 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', 2)#2 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\\\Filesystem\\\\Filesystem->put(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', true)#3 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'B8W3ZZa3YXflFPf...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\')#4 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(87): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Store->save()#5 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Middleware\\\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#6 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#7 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/public/index.php(59): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#8 {main}"} ')in StreamHandler.php line 131
at StreamHandler->streamWrite(resource, array('message' => 'file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', 'context' => array('exception' => object(ErrorException)), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'production', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-06-03 02:28:25] production.ERROR: file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device at /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Bootstrap\\\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/var/www/webroo...\', 122, Array)#1 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', 2)#2 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\\\Filesystem\\\\Filesystem->put(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', true)#3 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'B8W3ZZa3YXflFPf...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\')#4 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(87): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Store->save()#5 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Middleware\\\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#6 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#7 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/public/index.php(59): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#8 {main}"} '))in StreamHandler.php line 117
at StreamHandler->write(array('message' => 'file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', 'context' => array('exception' => object(ErrorException)), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'production', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-06-03 02:28:25] production.ERROR: file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device at /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Bootstrap\\\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/var/www/webroo...\', 122, Array)#1 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', 2)#2 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\\\Filesystem\\\\Filesystem->put(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', true)#3 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'B8W3ZZa3YXflFPf...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\')#4 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(87): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Store->save()#5 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Middleware\\\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#6 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#7 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/public/index.php(59): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#8 {main}"} '))in AbstractProcessingHandler.php line 39
at AbstractProcessingHandler->handle(array('message' => 'file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', 'context' => array('exception' => object(ErrorException)), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'production', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-06-03 02:28:25] production.ERROR: file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device at /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Bootstrap\\\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/var/www/webroo...\', 122, Array)#1 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', 2)#2 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\\\Filesystem\\\\Filesystem->put(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', true)#3 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'B8W3ZZa3YXflFPf...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\')#4 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(87): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Store->save()#5 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Middleware\\\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#6 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#7 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/public/index.php(59): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#8 {main}"} '))in Logger.php line 344
at Logger->addRecord(400, 'file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', array('exception' => object(ErrorException)))in Logger.php line 707
at Logger->error('file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', array('exception' => object(ErrorException)))in Writer.php line 203
at Writer->writeLog('error', 'file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', array('exception' => object(ErrorException)))in Writer.php line 114
at Writer->error('file_put_contents(): write of 321 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', array('exception' => object(ErrorException)))in Handler.php line 113
at Handler->report(object(ErrorException))in Handler.php line 100
at Handler->report(object(ErrorException))in HandleExceptions.php line 81
at HandleExceptions->handleException(object(ErrorException))