Título

Produção e caracterização de enxertos biocerâmicos e membrana de escama de pirarucu para regeneração tecidual guiada

Production and characterization of bioceramic grafts and pirarucu scale-derived collagen membranes for guided tissue regeneration

Autoria

TEIXEIRA, DALILA ESTEVES; ALMEIDA, ALINE RAYBOLT DOS SANTOS; SILVA, MARCELO HENRIQUE PRADO DA

TEIXEIRA, DALILA ESTEVES

Eu sou esse autor

ALMEIDA, ALINE RAYBOLT DOS SANTOS

Eu sou esse autor

SILVA, MARCELO HENRIQUE PRADO DA

Eu sou esse autor

DOI

10.5151/2594-5327-44149

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Resumo

O presente trabalho investigou a obtenção e caracterização de biomateriais derivados das escamas de pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) para aplicação em regeneração tecidual guiada (RTG). A partir de um mesmo resíduo pesqueiro, foram extraídos colágeno tipo I e hidroxiapatita (HA) biogênica, por meio de desmineralização com HCl e EDTA, seguida de calcinação controlada a 550 °C. As amostras foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV/EDS), difração de raios X (DRX) e espectroscopia de infravermelho (FTIR). Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com EDTA preservou a integridade estrutural das fibrilas de colágeno, mantendo as bandas amida I, II e III características da estrutura helicoidal tripla. A hidroxiapatita obtida apresentou padrão cristalino compatível com o padrão JCPDS 09-0432, razão Ca/P ≈ 1,66 e traços de apatita carbonatada tipo B, favoráveis à bioatividade. Os resultados confirmam a viabilidade técnica e ambiental do uso das escamas de pirarucu como fonte dual de biomateriais bioativos, biomiméticos e sustentáveis para aplicações em odontologia, ortopedia e engenharia de tecidos.

Bone tissue loss resulting from trauma, periodontal disease, tumor resection, or surgical procedures remains a significant clinical challenge, particularly when spontaneous regeneration is insufficient to restore tissue volume and function. Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) has emerged as an effective strategy to promote selective bone healing through the use of barrier membranes and bioactive grafting materials. In this context, biomaterials that combine mineral phases such as hydroxyapatite with organic matrices such as type I collagen are especially promising due to their similarity to the natural composition of bone. This study aimed to develop and characterize collagen membranes and hydroxyapatite-based bioceramic scaffolds obtained from pirarucu fish scales (Arapaima gigas), a biological waste generated by the Amazonian fishery chain. The scales were chemically treated using hydrochloric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for demineralization, while hydroxyapatite was obtained by controlled thermal conversion. The resulting materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Preliminary results showed that EDTA promoted selective demineralization while preserving the collagenous matrix, whereas HCl produced more intense mineral removal but caused partial structural degradation. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite, with characteristic diffraction peaks and residual carbonate signals typical of biogenic apatites. FTIR spectra revealed phosphate and hydroxyl bands associated with hydroxyapatite, as well as amide bands related to collagen preservation. These findings demonstrate the potential of pirarucu scales as a sustainable dual source of collagen and hydroxyapatite for the development of bioactive membranes and scaffolds for guided tissue regeneration.

Palavras-chave

Regeneração Tecidual Guiada, Hidroxiapatita, Colágeno, Escamas de Pirarucu, Biomateriais Sustentáveis

Guided tissue regeneration, Hydroxyapatite, Collagen, Pirarucu scales, Bioceramics, Sustainable biomaterials, Bone regeneration