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Proceedings of the Seminar on Steelmaking, Casting and Non-Ferrous Metallurgy

ISSN 2594-5300

11º Seminário de Metais Não-Ferrosos — vol. 11, num.11 (2009)

Title

TÉCNICAS MODERNAS DE VAZAMENTO NA INDÚSTRIA DE FERRO-LIGAS E METAIS NÃO-FERROSOS

MODERNTAPPINGTECHNOLOGYFORTHE 1 NON-FERROUS AND FERRO-ALLOY INDUSTRY

Authorship

Stehling, Frank

Stehling, Frank
Stehling, Frank

I am this author

DOI

10.5151/2594-5300-15263

Downloads

176 Downloads

Abstract

Um ponto crítico para se viabilizar um alto índice de disponibilidade dos Forno de Redução é a área de vazamento, já que esta é uma área exposta a altas temperaturas. Altos níveis de desgaste do canal de vazamento e áreas circunvizinhas acabam causando altos intervalos de manutenção e reparos, enquanto o restante do revestimento refratário dos fornos, normalmente ainda está em boas condições. Práticas modernas de vazamento podem ajudar a aumentar a vida dos furos de corrida, aumentando assim a produtividade das operações. Muitas operações de abertura de furos de corrida são feitas com auxílio de lanças de O2 ou eletrodos, causando danos desnecessários ao canal de vazamento. O fechamento do canal muitas vezes é feito, dependendo do produto, apenas aguardando o resfriamento do metal até que comece a solidificar no próprio canal. Em alguns outros casos um canhão de lama simples também pode ser usado. De qualquer forma, estas práticas exigem que o operador esteja diretamente envolvido e exposto em frente ao canal de corrida, exposto a altas temperaturas e perigo. Uma solução para os problemas de segurança é a automatização do procedimento, uma solução para aumentar a vida útil do furo de corrida e, como conseqüência, a produtividade das operações, envolvendo uma combinação sofisticada, compacta e bem elaborada, de uma perfuratriz e uma máquina de tamponamento. Este sistema também atuara protegendo fisicamente o furo de corrida, devido a uma alta precisão de posicionamento que garante o completo preenchimento do canal de corrida com a massa protetora, permitindo que o desgaste do refratário possa ser minimizado. Os princípios deste sistema são geralmente bastante conhecidos e utilizados em altos-fornos, para produção de ferro-gusa, mas precisam de adaptação às tecnologias de fusão/redução de outros materiais e em diferentes fornos.

 

An important bottle neck for high smelter availability is the taphole area, as this section of the smelter is exposed to a very high heat load. High abrasion of the tapping channel and surrounding area is causing downtimes for repair meanwhile the rest of the refractory lining is still in a good shape. Modern tapping technology can help smelter operators to increase the lifetime of their taphole and by this the productivity of the operations. Actually many smelter-operators are opening the taphole by oxygen lancing or electrode burning, causing unnecessary harm to the taping channel. Closing of the taphole will be done – depending on the product – by just waiting until the metal is slowly freezing within the taphole channel or by use of a plug to stop the metal flow until the taphole is frozen. In some other occasions simple mud guns are used to close the taphole. Besides of this, these practices for opening and closing the taphole do require the operators working directly in front of the taphole – exposed to high heat and danger. A solution for the safety problems is automation of the procedure, a solution to increase the lifetime of the taphole area and by this increase the productivity of the operations is a sophisticated combination of a taphole drill and clay gun. This system is physically protecting the taphole due to a high positioning accuracy and basically the whole taphole channel does have a protective clay lining and abrasion of the refractory can be avoided. Principal of this system is commonly known and accepted in the blast furnace industry for the iron production but needs adaptation to the different smelter technologies.

Keywords

Vazamento; Furo de corrida; Segurança; Otimização.

Tapping; Tapholes; Safety; Optimization

How to refer

Stehling, Frank. TÉCNICAS MODERNAS DE VAZAMENTO NA INDÚSTRIA DE FERRO-LIGAS E METAIS NÃO-FERROSOS , p. 195-204. In: 11º Seminário de Metais Não-Ferrosos, São Paulo, 2009.
ISSN: 2594-5300 , DOI 10.5151/2594-5300-15263

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(1/1) ErrorException

fwrite(): write of 1826 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device
in StreamHandler.php line 131
at HandleExceptions->handleError(8, 'fwrite(): write of 1826 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', '/var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/monolog/monolog/src/Monolog/Handler/StreamHandler.php', 131, array('stream' => resource, 'record' => array('message' => 'file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', 'context' => array('exception' => object(ErrorException)), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'production', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-05-31 16:04:43] production.ERROR: file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device at /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Bootstrap\\\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/var/www/webroo...\', 122, Array)#1 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', 2)#2 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\\\Filesystem\\\\Filesystem->put(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', true)#3 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'ITIfE5FlFcUmzTx...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\')#4 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(87): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Store->save()#5 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Middleware\\\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#6 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#7 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/public/index.php(59): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#8 {main}"} ')))
at fwrite(resource, '[2025-05-31 16:04:43] production.ERROR: file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device at /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Bootstrap\\\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/var/www/webroo...\', 122, Array)#1 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', 2)#2 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\\\Filesystem\\\\Filesystem->put(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', true)#3 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'ITIfE5FlFcUmzTx...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\')#4 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(87): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Store->save()#5 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Middleware\\\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#6 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#7 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/public/index.php(59): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#8 {main}"} ')in StreamHandler.php line 131
at StreamHandler->streamWrite(resource, array('message' => 'file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', 'context' => array('exception' => object(ErrorException)), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'production', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-05-31 16:04:43] production.ERROR: file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device at /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Bootstrap\\\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/var/www/webroo...\', 122, Array)#1 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', 2)#2 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\\\Filesystem\\\\Filesystem->put(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', true)#3 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'ITIfE5FlFcUmzTx...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\')#4 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(87): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Store->save()#5 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Middleware\\\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#6 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#7 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/public/index.php(59): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#8 {main}"} '))in StreamHandler.php line 117
at StreamHandler->write(array('message' => 'file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', 'context' => array('exception' => object(ErrorException)), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'production', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-05-31 16:04:43] production.ERROR: file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device at /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Bootstrap\\\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/var/www/webroo...\', 122, Array)#1 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', 2)#2 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\\\Filesystem\\\\Filesystem->put(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', true)#3 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'ITIfE5FlFcUmzTx...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\')#4 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(87): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Store->save()#5 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Middleware\\\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#6 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#7 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/public/index.php(59): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#8 {main}"} '))in AbstractProcessingHandler.php line 39
at AbstractProcessingHandler->handle(array('message' => 'file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', 'context' => array('exception' => object(ErrorException)), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'production', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-05-31 16:04:43] production.ERROR: file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device at /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Bootstrap\\\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/var/www/webroo...\', 122, Array)#1 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', 2)#2 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\\\Filesystem\\\\Filesystem->put(\'/var/www/webroo...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\', true)#3 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'ITIfE5FlFcUmzTx...\', \'a:5:{s:6:\\"_toke...\')#4 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(87): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Store->save()#5 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\\\Session\\\\Middleware\\\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#6 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#7 /var/www/webroot/ROOT/public/index.php(59): Illuminate\\\\Foundation\\\\Http\\\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\\\Http\\\\Response))#8 {main}"} '))in Logger.php line 344
at Logger->addRecord(400, 'file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', array('exception' => object(ErrorException)))in Logger.php line 707
at Logger->error('file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', array('exception' => object(ErrorException)))in Writer.php line 203
at Writer->writeLog('error', 'file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', array('exception' => object(ErrorException)))in Writer.php line 114
at Writer->error('file_put_contents(): write of 337 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device', array('exception' => object(ErrorException)))in Handler.php line 113
at Handler->report(object(ErrorException))in Handler.php line 100
at Handler->report(object(ErrorException))in HandleExceptions.php line 81
at HandleExceptions->handleException(object(ErrorException))